For many years, we have been told that a normal body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius. But new research shows that this number may no longer be accurate.
Recent studies suggest the average body temperature is closer to 36.6 degrees Celsius. This number can change depending on age, health, race, and gender.
Where Did 37°C Come From?
The idea that 37°C is normal came from Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich, a German doctor from the 19th century. He took over a million temperature readings and set this standard. But that was almost 200 years ago, and people’s bodies have changed since then.
“We are not the same people that we were in the middle of the 19th century,” said Dr. Julie Parsonnet, a medicine professor and public health researcher at Stanford Medicine.
Harvard Study Finds New Normal Temperature
In 2017, a Harvard Medical School study looked at data from over 35,000 patients. It found the average body temperature was 36.6°C, with a range from 36.2 to 36.9 degrees. The study also found body temperature varies by age, gender, and health.
Older adults tend to have lower body temperatures. African-American women had the highest average temperatures, while older white men had the lowest. People with hypothyroidism often have lower temperatures. Those with cancer or higher body mass indexes (BMIs) tend to have higher temperatures.
Why Are We Cooler Now?
A 2020 study in the journal eLife suggests that better health and lifestyle changes explain the drop in body temperature.
In the 19th century, people faced many infections, poor living conditions, and limited medical care. Their immune systems worked harder, raising their body temperatures. Today, thanks to modern medicine and better living conditions, our bodies don’t have to fight as many infections. This allows our body temperature to be lower.
“Our bodies are physiologically different than before,” said Dr. Parsonnet. “The environment has changed, including home temperatures, exposure to germs, and the food we eat.”
What Counts as a Fever Now?
Doctors usually say a fever is 38°C or higher. But if your normal temperature is lower, like 36.2°C, a temperature of 37.2°C might make you feel sick. Experts suggest paying attention to how your body normally feels rather than just a fixed number.
If you start feeling feverish:
- Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration.
- Rest to help your body recover.
- Watch for other symptoms like chills, aches, or tiredness.
- See a doctor if symptoms get worse, even if your temperature isn’t very high.
How to Avoid Getting Sick
- Wash your hands often with soap and warm water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating.
- Avoid crowded places and stay away from people who are sick.
- Cook food properly and store it safely to prevent food poisoning.
- Keep your vaccinations up to date.
- Talk to your doctor before traveling to make sure you have all needed vaccines.
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